This module aims to equip you with a basic understanding of essential scientific concepts, safety aspects and related information on nuclear energy, so that you will be able to have informed discussions on the relevant controversial socio-scientific issues. First, the module will help you explore the basic structure of an atom and define what nuclear energy is. Then, you will study the concept of binding energy in a nucleus and Einstein's mass and energy relation, as those are the essential scientific concepts underlying the operation of a nuclear power plant. Furthermore, nuclear fission and fusion, two processes that can provide large energy sources, are introduced. Lastly, the module will talk about the potential uses and hazards of nuclear energy, including some controversial social issues that you should be aware of.